log returns the logarithm of a given number in a given base.
log
log(number, base)
> log(50, 10) 1.6989700043360185 > log(16, 2) 4
log and ceil can be used together to find the minimum number of binary digits required to represent a given number of distinct values:
ceil
> ceil(log(15, 2)) 4 > ceil(log(16, 2)) 4 > ceil(log(17, 2)) 5
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